Spotlight on Immigration: is Portugal ready for something new?

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Randy Trevis
Amid gains by the anti-immigrant far right and imperfect reforms in immigration enforcement, Portugal is aswirl with myths about the diverse group of 800 thousand immigrants currently residing here. Breaking those misconceptions requires a closer look at the realities behind this complex and often misunderstood subject.
One of the most prevalent concerns is the fear that immigrants are taking jobs from Portuguese citizens. This is not unique to Portugal, as similar anxieties arise in other countries experiencing significant immigration. However, the evidence tells a different story. Immigration, rather than diminishing opportunities for locals, in fact contributes to job creation and economic growth. At a very basic level, the sectors of construction, home goods, retail, and transport get an obvious boost from the presence of extra people. But the whole economy feels the lift. Immigrants often fill gaps in the workforce by taking jobs in sectors where there is a shortage of skilled or willing workers. Official statistics show that 13% of employees are immigrants, and their contributions span multiple industries. Additionally, the 2011 census showed that 20% of immigrants create employment opportunities for others by starting businesses. Only 17% of Portuguese citizens do the same. Far from being a drain on employment, immigrants are vital to the nation’s economic dynamism.
Another widespread myth is that immigrants do not integrate into Portuguese society. This stereotype overlooks the significant efforts many immigrants make to adapt and contribute to their new communities. Many immigrants learn the Portuguese language, build friendships with local residents, and participate actively in social and cultural events. Of the 350,000 foreigners who successfully applied for Portuguese citizenship between 2008 and 2022, 66% expressed “a strong sense of belonging.”
Portugal is still one of Europe’s most immigrant-friendly countries, but for many foreigners the struggle is real. Statistics portal Pordata reports that 31% of the immigrants here live in poverty or in financial precarity versus 20% of Portuguese citizens. Immigration may pose challenges for low- or even medium-wage workers by causing rents and certain other prices to rise, but successive governments have enacted pretty good stabilizing policies. The overall picture reveals a society enriched by diversity and strengthened by the contributions of its immigrant population.
Immigrants pay income, payroll, and value-added taxes that help sustain essential public services, such as healthcare and pensions, which are under pressure due to Portugal’s aging population. As Portugal faces demographic and economic challenges, immigrants provide a much-needed boost by injecting vitality and resources into the system. There certainly are undocumented immigrants and foreigners working in the informal economy. However, a substantial majority of documented immigrants are actively employed in the formal sector, where they pay the same taxes as Portuguese citizens.
Despite the clear benefits immigration brings, public attitudes toward immigrants can still be influenced by unfounded fears and stereotypes. Challenging these myths is crucial not only for fostering inclusivity but also for enabling evidence-based policymaking. When misconceptions about immigration dominate the narrative, they can lead to harmful policies and social tensions. By promoting accurate information and encouraging open dialogue, Portugal can build a more welcoming and harmonious society.
The future of Portugal as a thriving, interconnected nation depends on its ability to embrace immigration as a strength rather than a burden. As the world becomes increasingly globalized, the exchange of people, ideas, and cultures is inevitable and necessary. Immigrants bring energy, resilience, and creativity to the communities they join, and their contributions should be celebrated rather than feared. Overcoming myths about immigration is not just about correcting inaccuracies; it is about building a shared understanding of the values and opportunities that define Portugal. With open minds and a commitment to inclusion, Portugal can continue to be a beacon of tolerance and progress.
The challenges that come with immigration can be met with thoughtful policies and cooperation, while the benefits are boundless. Immigrants are not just newcomers; they are neighbors, colleagues, and friends who contribute to the rich tapestry of Portuguese life. By appreciating the shared humanity and diversity they bring, Portugal can chart a brighter future for all. ■

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