Protecting Your Health in Portugal’s Cold Season: What Immigrants Need to Know

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Dr. Aqsa Munir
Physical Therapist

For immigrants from warmer regions such as South America and South Asia, the cold and humid climate during Portugal’s winter often presents significant challenges. People unaccustomed to such meteorological conditions risk not knowing how to prepare for them properly, leading to an increased risk of infections and other health-related issues. This can impact families, work, and overall well-being. Adopting preventive measures can be difficult for those without easy access to public healthcare, insurance, or medication. Cultural differences may make it harder to follow local health protocols, which are key to the whole community understanding the risks and taking the steps essential for maintaining health and well-being in the colder months.
Respiratory diseases, including the common cold, influenza, and pneumonia, are notably more prevalent during winter. According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the flu season typically peaks between December and March, with up to 15% of the population infected annually. Additionally, the coastal regions of Portugal often experience high humidity levels during winter, which can trigger asthma. The World Health Organization reports that dampness increases the risk of respiratory problems by 30-50%. Immigrants who are not accustomed to colder climates are particularly vulnerable, especially when they don’t have proper heating and ventilation in their homes. Mold, as well as the use of fireplaces or wood-burning stoves, can increase the risk of pulmonary diseases.
To mitigate these risks, it is important to take practical steps. Ensure that clothes are properly dried, the body is kept warm, and masks are worn when in crowded spaces. Dehumidifiers are another effective solution to reduce indoor moisture and maintain a healthier environment. Flu vaccines are available at most local pharmacies and health centers in Portugal and should be considered a key part of the preventive strategy, particularly for older adults, children, and those with pre-existing conditions. The vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of severe illness and hospitalization.
However, respiratory issues are not the only health concern during the winter months. The combination of cold outdoor air and indoor heating can also cause skin problems, such as dryness and eczema. Fortunately, these issues can usually be controlled with regular moisturizing and hydration. It is important to maintain skin health by using creams and lotions to prevent excessive dryness, which can lead to more severe conditions if left untreated.
Additionally, there has been a noticeable increase in norovirus cases this winter, causing highly contagious infections with symptoms like severe diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps, especially among children in schools and daycares. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and disinfecting surfaces, are essential to curb the spread of the virus. Keeping the hands clean and avoiding shared utensils can reduce the likelihood of infection, especially in high-risk environments like schools or public transportation. To reduce potential exposure further, stay away from crowded indoor spaces unless absolutely necessary.
Winter can also exacerbate the symptoms of individuals with pre-existing joint problems, such as arthritis. The cold weather often leads to joint stiffness and discomfort. To manage these issues, it is recommended to wear thermal clothing, stay active through indoor exercises, and ensure adequate warmth for the joints. Using heating pads and performing gentle exercises can help alleviate discomfort caused by the cold.
Another winter-related concern is the lack of sunlight, which can lead to seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a form of depression typically triggered by shorter daylight hours. SAD can cause symptoms such as fatigue, loss of interest in daily activities, and mood changes. Simple measures like spending time outdoors during daylight, even if it is cloudy, and using light therapy lamps can help improve mood and energy levels. Engaging in light indoor exercises or maintaining social connections can also help reduce feelings of isolation and sadness.
Fortunately, the Portuguese healthcare system provides assistance 24/7, offering support in both emergency and non-emergency situations. To contact the healthcare service in Portugal, you can use the following resources: For acute illness: Call SNS 24 at 808 24 24 24 or the National Emergency Number: 112. For non-emergency health concerns: Call SNS 24 at 808 24 24 24 for triage, advice, and referrals. As a final note, I recommend that everyone seek help using the healthcare services and follow their doctor’s recommendations. ■

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